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Supreme Court and Environmental Law

Description: This quiz tests your knowledge about the Supreme Court and Environmental Law.
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: supreme court environmental law
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Which landmark case established the right to a clean environment as a fundamental right?

  1. A) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  2. B) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India

  3. C) Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation

  4. D) Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996), the Supreme Court held that the right to a clean environment is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

What is the principle of 'polluter pays'?

  1. A) The polluter is liable to pay for the costs of pollution prevention and control.

  2. B) The polluter is liable to pay for the costs of pollution cleanup.

  3. C) The polluter is liable to pay for the costs of both pollution prevention and control and cleanup.

  4. D) The polluter is not liable to pay for any costs related to pollution.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The 'polluter pays' principle is a legal principle that holds the polluter responsible for the costs of pollution prevention and control, as well as the costs of cleanup.

Which Supreme Court case established the principle of 'public trust doctrine' in India?

  1. A) M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India

  4. D) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (1996), the Supreme Court held that the 'public trust doctrine' is a part of the law of the land and that the State is the trustee of all natural resources, which are held in trust for the benefit of the general public.

What is the significance of the case 'M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Mahal Case)'?

  1. A) It led to the closure of polluting industries around the Taj Mahal.

  2. B) It resulted in the relocation of the Taj Mahal to a safer location.

  3. C) It established the principle of 'sustainable development'.

  4. D) It led to the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Mahal Case) (1996), the Supreme Court ordered the closure of polluting industries around the Taj Mahal to protect it from air pollution.

Which Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

  1. A) Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  4. D) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Mahal Case)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2011), the Supreme Court held that environmental impact assessment (EIA) is mandatory for all mining projects.

What is the purpose of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)?

  1. A) To adjudicate environmental disputes.

  2. B) To enforce environmental laws.

  3. C) To promote environmental education and awareness.

  4. D) To advise the government on environmental policy.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a specialized body set up to adjudicate environmental disputes and enforce environmental laws.

Which Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of forest rights?

  1. A) Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  4. D) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Mahal Case)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997), the Supreme Court recognized the rights of forest-dwelling communities to forest resources and directed the government to grant them titles to their land.

What is the significance of the case 'Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh'?

  1. A) It led to the enactment of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

  2. B) It resulted in the closure of polluting industries in the Ganga River.

  3. C) It established the principle of 'intergenerational equity'.

  4. D) It led to the creation of the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1985), the Supreme Court ordered the closure of polluting industries in the Ganga River to protect it from pollution.

Which Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of air pollution in Delhi?

  1. A) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Air Pollution Case)

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  4. D) Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Air Pollution Case) (1985), the Supreme Court ordered the closure of polluting industries in Delhi to reduce air pollution.

What is the significance of the case 'Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India'?

  1. A) It led to the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

  2. B) It resulted in the closure of polluting industries in the Ganga River.

  3. C) It established the principle of 'polluter pays'.

  4. D) It led to the creation of the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (1996), the Supreme Court directed the government to enact comprehensive environmental legislation, which led to the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Which Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of solid waste management?

  1. A) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Solid Waste Management Case)

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  4. D) Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Solid Waste Management Case) (1994), the Supreme Court directed the government to take steps to improve solid waste management in urban areas.

What is the principle of 'sustainable development'?

  1. A) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

  2. B) Development that maximizes economic growth without regard to environmental consequences.

  3. C) Development that prioritizes the needs of the present generation over the needs of future generations.

  4. D) Development that does not take into account the environmental impact of the project.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of 'sustainable development' is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Which Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of noise pollution?

  1. A) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Noise Pollution Case)

  2. B) T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

  3. C) Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

  4. D) Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Noise Pollution Case) (2005), the Supreme Court directed the government to take steps to reduce noise pollution in urban areas.

What is the significance of the case 'Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation'?

  1. A) It led to the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

  2. B) It resulted in the closure of polluting industries in the Ganga River.

  3. C) It established the principle of 'polluter pays'.

  4. D) It led to the creation of the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Supreme Court directed the government to create a National Environmental Tribunal to adjudicate environmental disputes, which led to the creation of the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

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