Transfer of electrons between species

Exchange of protons between species

Redox reactions involving metal ions

Formation of ionic bonds between species

Anode is where oxidation occurs, cathode is where reduction occurs

Anode is where reduction occurs, cathode is where oxidation occurs

Both anode and cathode are where oxidation occurs

Both anode and cathode are where reduction occurs

Relates the cell potential to the concentrations of reactants and products

Relates the cell potential to the temperature and pressure

Relates the cell potential to the electrode materials

Relates the cell potential to the current flowing through the cell

Completes the electrical circuit between the electrodes

Prevents the mixing of solutions in the half-cells

Maintains a constant pH in the solutions

Provides a source of ions for the cell reaction

To generate electricity from chemical energy

To store electrical energy as chemical energy

To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

To convert thermal energy into electrical energy

Primary batteries can be recharged, while secondary batteries cannot

Primary batteries have a higher energy density than secondary batteries

Primary batteries use disposable electrodes, while secondary batteries use reusable electrodes

Primary batteries are more environmentally friendly than secondary batteries

Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions

Conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy through electrochemical reactions

Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions

Conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions

Anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst

Anode, cathode, salt bridge, and catalyst

Anode, cathode, proton exchange membrane, and catalyst

Anode, cathode, electron transfer mediator, and catalyst

To coat a metal surface with a thin layer of another metal

To remove a thin layer of metal from a metal surface

To join two metal surfaces together

To protect a metal surface from corrosion

Electroplating involves the deposition of metal ions onto a surface, while anodizing involves the formation of an oxide layer on a surface

Electroplating involves the removal of metal ions from a surface, while anodizing involves the formation of an oxide layer on a surface

Electroplating involves the deposition of metal ions onto a surface, while anodizing involves the removal of an oxide layer from a surface

Electroplating involves the removal of metal ions from a surface, while anodizing involves the deposition of an oxide layer on a surface

Exposure to oxygen and moisture

Exposure to acidic or alkaline solutions

Exposure to high temperatures

Exposure to mechanical stress

Coating, cathodic protection, and sacrificial anodes

Coating, anodic protection, and sacrificial cathodes

Coating, galvanic protection, and sacrificial anodes

Coating, cathodic protection, and sacrificial cathodes

To control the potential of an electrode

To measure the current flowing through an electrode

To measure the resistance of an electrode

To measure the capacitance of an electrode

Cyclic voltammetry involves sweeping the potential of an electrode, while chronoamperometry involves holding the potential constant

Cyclic voltammetry involves holding the potential of an electrode, while chronoamperometry involves sweeping the potential

Cyclic voltammetry involves measuring the current flowing through an electrode, while chronoamperometry involves measuring the potential of an electrode

Cyclic voltammetry involves measuring the resistance of an electrode, while chronoamperometry involves measuring the capacitance of an electrode

To provide a medium for the flow of ions

To provide a source of electrons

To provide a source of protons

To provide a source of oxygen