Sabda-pramana refers to the epistemological theory that considers testimony or verbal authority as a valid source of knowledge in Indian philosophy.

In the Nyaya school, language is primarily seen as a tool for conveying knowledge and expressing ideas.

Apauruseya refers to the idea that the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism, are not created by any human author but are eternal and self-existent.

Advaita Vedanta posits that language is limited and cannot fully express the nature of Brahman, which is ineffable and beyond conceptualization.

Sunyata, or emptiness, is a central concept in Buddhist philosophy that challenges the idea of inherent existence and the fixity of language.

Jaina philosophy posits that language is a human construct and does not correspond directly to the true nature of reality.

Vyapti refers to the invariable concomitance between two properties or events, which is a fundamental concept in Navya-Nyaya's analysis of language and inference.

Kashmir Shaivism posits that language is a creative expression of consciousness and that the universe itself is a manifestation of divine consciousness.

Shabad, or the divine word, is a central concept in Sikhism and is considered to be the ultimate source of knowledge and spiritual realization.

In the Bhakti movement, language is seen as a powerful tool for expressing devotion to the divine and for fostering a personal relationship with the divine.

Maya refers to the illusion or veil that obscures the true nature of reality in many Indian philosophical traditions.

'Neti neti' is a Sanskrit phrase that means 'not this, not this' and is often used to express the idea that the ultimate reality is beyond the reach of language and conceptualization.

Anatta, or non-self, is a central concept in Buddhist philosophy that challenges the idea of a permanent and unchanging self.

'Neti neti' is a Sanskrit phrase that means 'not this, not this' and is often used to express the idea that the ultimate reality is beyond the reach of language and conceptualization.

Anatta, or non-self, is a central concept in Buddhist philosophy that challenges the idea of a permanent and unchanging self.