Privatization aims to enhance the efficiency and productivity of industries by transferring ownership and management from the government to the private sector.

The telecommunications sector was the first to undergo privatization in India, with the entry of private companies in the early 1990s.

Divestiture refers to the process of selling or transferring government-owned assets to private entities.

Privatization can lead to increased efficiency and productivity, reduced government expenditure, and improved quality of services.

Privatization can potentially lead to increased inequality, reduced access to services for the poor, and loss of government control over strategic industries.

The Department of Public Enterprises is the government body responsible for overseeing privatization in India.

Disinvestment refers to the process of transferring government-owned industries to the private sector through the sale of shares.

The banking industry was the first to undergo disinvestment in India, with the sale of shares of public sector banks in the early 1990s.

Deregulation refers to the process of reducing government regulations and restrictions on businesses.

Deregulation can lead to increased competition and innovation, reduced costs for businesses, and improved efficiency and productivity.

Deregulation can potentially lead to increased inequality, reduced consumer protection, and environmental degradation.

The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion is the government body responsible for overseeing deregulation in India.

Liberalization refers to the process of opening up an economy to foreign trade and investment.

Liberalization can lead to increased economic growth, improved efficiency and productivity, and increased foreign investment.

Liberalization can potentially lead to increased inequality, reduced domestic production, and environmental degradation.