Industrialization and economic development create job opportunities and attract people from rural areas to urban centers, leading to urbanization.

Urban areas are characterized by high population density, with a large number of people living in a relatively small area.

Migration is the term used to describe the movement of people from one place to another, including from rural to urban areas.

Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding and inadequate housing, as the infrastructure and services struggle to keep up with the growing population.

Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural areas, often characterized by low-density development and increased commuting distances.

Rural settlements are typically characterized by small populations, low population density, and a focus on agricultural activities.

The urban-rural continuum refers to the idea that there is a gradual transition from urban to rural areas, with no clear boundary between the two.

Investing in public transportation is a strategy for promoting sustainable urbanization by reducing traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Ruralization refers to the process of people moving from urban areas to rural areas, often driven by factors such as lifestyle preferences, job opportunities, or retirement.

Rural areas are typically characterized by a predominance of agricultural activities, with a large proportion of the population engaged in farming and related occupations.

Conurbation refers to the process of urban areas merging and forming a single, larger urban area, often characterized by a continuous built-up area.

Rural areas often face challenges related to access to job opportunities, as they may have limited economic diversification and a higher reliance on agriculture.

Urban sprawl refers to the process of urban areas expanding and encroaching on surrounding natural areas, often resulting in the loss of habitat and fragmentation of ecosystems.

Investing in agricultural infrastructure and technology is a strategy for promoting rural development by increasing productivity, improving market access, and enhancing the livelihoods of rural farmers.

Deurbanization refers to the process of urban areas declining in population and economic activity, often resulting in the abandonment of buildings and infrastructure.