Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen for two or more consecutive years.

Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen for at least one year.

Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen for at least three consecutive years.

Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen for at least four consecutive years.

Permafrost is found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.

Permafrost is found in high-altitude mountain areas.

Permafrost is found in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions and high-altitude mountain areas.

Permafrost is found in the Arctic, Antarctic regions, and high-altitude mountain areas.

The average thickness of permafrost is 10 meters.

The average thickness of permafrost is 100 meters.

The average thickness of permafrost is 1,000 meters.

The average thickness of permafrost is 10,000 meters.

Permafrost acts as a carbon sink.

Permafrost acts as a carbon source.

Permafrost acts as both a carbon sink and a carbon source.

Permafrost has no role in the global climate system.

Permafrost is not affected by climate change.

Permafrost is melting due to climate change.

Permafrost is expanding due to climate change.

Permafrost is becoming thicker due to climate change.

Permafrost melting can lead to the release of greenhouse gases.

Permafrost melting can destabilize the ground and lead to landslides.

Permafrost melting can damage infrastructure.

All of the above.

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Develop technologies to stabilize permafrost.

Relocate communities and infrastructure away from permafrost regions.

All of the above.

Mountain permafrost is typically thinner than permafrost in other regions.

Mountain permafrost is typically more discontinuous than permafrost in other regions.

Mountain permafrost is typically more sensitive to climate change than permafrost in other regions.

All of the above.

Mountain permafrost can help to stabilize mountain slopes.

Mountain permafrost can destabilize mountain slopes.

Mountain permafrost has no effect on the stability of mountain slopes.

The effect of mountain permafrost on the stability of mountain slopes depends on the specific conditions.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to access.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to monitor.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to model.

All of the above.

Mountain permafrost could melt, leading to the release of greenhouse gases.

Mountain permafrost could destabilize, leading to landslides and other hazards.

Mountain permafrost could change the hydrology of mountain regions.

All of the above.

Develop early warning systems for permafrost-related hazards.

Improve infrastructure design and construction practices to make them more resilient to permafrost thaw.

Relocate communities and infrastructure away from areas at risk of permafrost thaw.

All of the above.

Improving our understanding of the distribution and characteristics of mountain permafrost.

Developing better models to predict how mountain permafrost will respond to climate change.

Investigating the impacts of climate change on mountain permafrost ecosystems.

All of the above.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to access.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to monitor.

Mountain permafrost is difficult to model.

All of the above.

Mountain permafrost can help to store water.

Mountain permafrost can help to regulate the flow of water in rivers and streams.

Mountain permafrost can help to support unique ecosystems.

All of the above.