Karl Pearson is widely regarded as the father of modern statistics for his contributions to statistical theory and methodology, including the development of the chi-squared test and the correlation coefficient.

The Law of Large Numbers states that the sample mean converges to the population mean as the sample size increases, regardless of the distribution of the population.

Adrien-Marie Legendre first published the method of least squares in 1805, although Carl Friedrich Gauss had independently developed it earlier.

Sampling is the statistical technique that uses a sample to make inferences about a population.

The binomial distribution describes the probability of observing a certain number of successes in a sequence of independent experiments, each of which has a constant probability of success.

Pierre-Simon Laplace developed the theory of probability in the 18th century, building on the work of Thomas Bayes, Jacob Bernoulli, and Abraham de Moivre.

Time series analysis is the statistical method that uses historical data to predict future events.

John von Neumann developed the theory of games in the 1920s, along with Oskar Morgenstern.

Point estimation is the statistical method that uses a sample to estimate the parameters of a population.

Claude Shannon developed the theory of information in the 1940s, along with Warren Weaver.

Hypothesis testing is the statistical method that uses a sample to test a hypothesis about a population.

John von Neumann developed the theory of decision making under uncertainty in the 1940s, along with Oskar Morgenstern.

Regression analysis is the statistical method that uses a sample to estimate the relationship between two or more variables.

Frank Wilcoxon developed the theory of non-parametric statistics in the 1940s.

Cluster analysis is the statistical method that uses a sample to identify groups of similar observations.