Internationalization in higher education aims to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to succeed in a globalized world.

Internationalization in higher education can lead to increased cultural understanding, improved critical thinking skills, and enhanced problem-solving skills, but it does not typically result in lower tuition costs.

Study abroad programs are the most common type of internationalization initiative in higher education, allowing students to spend a semester or year studying in a foreign country.

The United States is the leading destination for international students, with over 1 million international students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities each year.

Language barriers are the main challenge facing international students in higher education, as they may struggle to understand lectures, readings, and assignments in a foreign language.

Universities can support international students in overcoming the challenges they face by providing language support services, offering cultural orientation programs, establishing international student organizations, and providing financial assistance.

Higher education plays a vital role in promoting global citizenship by preparing students for a globalized workforce, promoting cultural understanding and cooperation, and addressing global challenges.

Nationalism is not a key competency for global citizenship, as it is associated with a narrow focus on one's own country and culture.

Higher education institutions can foster global citizenship among students by offering courses on global issues, providing opportunities for international experiences, promoting diversity and inclusion on campus, and encouraging students to engage in global service-learning.

Internationalization is expected to continue to grow in importance in higher education, as the world becomes increasingly interconnected and interdependent.