Vehicular emissions, particularly from diesel engines, are a major source of air pollution in urban areas, releasing harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in global temperatures and contributing to climate change.

Recycling involves the conversion of waste materials into new materials and objects, reducing the need for raw materials and minimizing waste disposal.

Solar energy is a renewable energy source that harnesses the power of the sun to generate electricity or heat.

Sewage discharge, particularly untreated sewage, is a major source of water pollution in many developing countries, contaminating water sources and posing health risks.

Agricultural expansion, particularly for large-scale farming, is a major cause of deforestation, as forests are cleared to make way for agricultural land.

Waste reduction involves reducing the amount of waste generated at the source, minimizing the need for waste disposal and promoting resource conservation.

Habitat destruction, primarily due to human activities such as deforestation and urbanization, is a major cause of biodiversity loss, as it reduces the natural habitats available for species to survive.

Composting involves the controlled decomposition of organic waste, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment that can be used to improve soil health and fertility.

Agricultural activities, such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as livestock production, can contribute to air pollution in rural areas, releasing harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.

Filtration involves the physical removal of particles and contaminants from water using a porous medium, such as a filter, to improve water quality.

Agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, can contaminate soil and groundwater, leading to soil pollution and potential health risks.

Energy efficiency involves using less energy to perform the same task, reducing energy consumption and promoting resource conservation.

Tobacco smoke, particularly secondhand smoke, is a major source of indoor air pollution, releasing harmful chemicals and particles that can pose health risks.

Incineration involves the controlled burning of waste materials to generate energy, reducing the volume of waste and potentially recovering energy from waste.