Exposure to infectious diseases is not a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and genetics are the primary risk factors for NCDs.

Cancer is not primarily caused by unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. While certain lifestyle factors can increase the risk of cancer, genetics and environmental factors also play a significant role.

Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in newborns. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume adequate folic acid to reduce the risk of these birth defects.

Malaria is not a common complication of diabetes. Heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure are among the most common complications associated with diabetes.

Vitamin D is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It helps the body absorb calcium and promotes bone mineralization.

Increasing consumption of red meat is not a recommended dietary guideline for preventing non-communicable diseases. Red meat is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can contribute to heart disease and other health problems.

Zinc is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system. It plays a crucial role in the production and function of immune cells.

Chest pain is not a common symptom of hypertension. Headaches, shortness of breath, and nausea are more commonly associated with high blood pressure.

Polyunsaturated fats are considered to be the healthiest type of fat. They are found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.

Excessive alcohol consumption is not a recommended lifestyle modification for managing non-communicable diseases. It can increase the risk of various health problems, including liver damage and heart disease.

Vitamin C is essential for preventing scurvy. It is found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables.

Malaria is not a common complication of stroke. Paralysis, aphasia, and dementia are among the most common complications associated with stroke.

Potassium is essential for maintaining healthy blood pressure. It helps to regulate the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Increasing consumption of sugary drinks is not a recommended dietary guideline for preventing heart disease. Sugary drinks are high in added sugar, which can contribute to weight gain and other health problems.

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision. It plays a crucial role in the production of rhodopsin, a pigment necessary for low-light vision.