Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's capacity to modify its structure and function in response to new experiences, learning, and injury.

fMRI measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, which is an indirect measure of neural activity.

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions, including planning, decision-making, and working memory.

The hippocampus is a key structure involved in the formation and consolidation of long-term memories.

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating and controlling movement.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and plays a crucial role in memory formation and consolidation.

LTP is a process that strengthens synaptic connections between neurons, leading to increased signal transmission.

The temporal lobe, particularly the Wernicke's area, is involved in language processing and comprehension.

The basal ganglia are involved in motor control, particularly in initiating and coordinating movement.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and reinforcement learning.

LTD is a process that weakens synaptic connections between neurons, leading to decreased signal transmission.

The occipital lobe, particularly the visual cortex, is responsible for processing visual information.

The amygdala is involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter involved in attention, arousal, and motivation.

Synaptic pruning is the process of removing weak or unused synapses, which helps to optimize brain function.