Diesel-powered vehicles, particularly older models, emit significant amounts of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants.

Gasoline-powered vehicles primarily emit carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas that can cause headaches, dizziness, and other health issues.

Nitrogen dioxide, a reddish-brown gas, is associated with respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of asthma.

Photochemical smog, also known as summer smog, is a result of sunlight reacting with pollutants from vehicles, leading to the formation of ozone and other harmful compounds.

Promoting public transportation, encouraging carpooling and ridesharing, and increasing fuel efficiency standards are all effective strategies to reduce air pollution from transportation.

Repowering refers to the process of converting gasoline or diesel engines to run on alternative fuels like electricity or hydrogen.

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are powered solely by electricity stored in batteries and produce zero emissions during operation.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by transportation activities, contributing to global warming and climate change.

Emission factor is a measure of the amount of air pollution emitted per unit of distance traveled by a vehicle.

Emission control refers to the process of reducing air pollution by removing pollutants from vehicle exhaust.

Catalytic converters, diesel particulate filters, and selective catalytic reduction are all examples of emission control devices used in vehicles to reduce air pollution.

Sustainable transportation refers to the process of designing and operating transportation systems to minimize their environmental impact.

Walking or biking for short distances, using public transportation or carpooling, and choosing fuel-efficient vehicles are all examples of sustainable transportation practices.

Traffic calming, congestion pricing, and vehicle restriction are all strategies used to reduce the number of vehicles on the road.

Speed bumps, roundabouts, and narrowed streets are all examples of traffic calming measures.