Return on Sales (ROS) is calculated by dividing net income by sales revenue and expresses the percentage of each sales dollar that results in net income.

Horizontal analysis involves comparing a company's financial statements over multiple periods to identify trends and changes in its financial position and performance.

Net Present Value (NPV) is a valuation method that calculates the present value of a company's future cash flows to determine its current worth.

The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated by dividing a company's total debt by its shareholders' equity.

The current ratio is calculated by dividing a company's current assets by its current liabilities and assesses its ability to pay its short-term obligations.

The inventory turnover ratio is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory and measures how quickly a company sells its inventory.

The balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, showing its assets, liabilities, and equity.

Vertical analysis involves expressing each item in a financial statement as a percentage of a base amount, typically total assets or total liabilities and equity, to assess the relative contribution of different items to the company's financial position.

Return on Assets (ROA) is calculated by dividing net income by total assets and measures a company's ability to generate profits from its assets.

The accounts receivable turnover ratio is calculated by dividing net sales by the average accounts receivable and measures how quickly a company collects its receivables.

Comparable Company Analysis is a valuation method that compares a privately held company to similar publicly traded companies to determine its value.

Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting financial ratios to assess a company's financial strength, performance, and efficiency.

The income statement provides information about a company's revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period of time.

Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) is calculated by dividing the average accounts receivable by net sales and multiplying by 365 to determine the average number of days it takes a company to collect its receivables.

The Market Multiple Approach is a valuation method that multiplies a company's financial metrics, such as earnings or sales, by a multiple derived from comparable publicly traded companies.