The legal principle of animal property treats animals as chattels or personal property, denying them legal personhood and the ability to possess legal rights.

In Animal Legal Defense Fund v. Espy (1992), a federal court ruled that animals have legal standing to sue for their own protection, opening the door for legal challenges to animal cruelty and abuse.

The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights, adopted in 1978, is a non-binding declaration that recognizes the inherent value of animals and calls for their protection from cruelty and suffering.

J.M. Coetzee's novel Disgrace (1999) explores the ethical implications of animal experimentation and the relationship between humans and animals through the story of a university professor who is forced to confront his own complicity in animal cruelty.

Pablo Neruda's poem Ode to the Condor (1950) celebrates the beauty and resilience of animals and condemns their exploitation by humans, particularly the hunting of condors for sport.

Charlotte's Web (1952) by E.B. White is a children's book that explores the themes of friendship, loyalty, and the value of life through the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a spider named Charlotte.

The legal doctrine of animal sentience recognizes that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and suffering, and allows courts to consider their interests in making decisions, even if animals are not legal persons.

Margaret Atwood's novel Oryx and Crake (2003) explores the ethical implications of genetic engineering and the creation of animal-human hybrids through the story of a young man named Jimmy who grows up in a dystopian world where animals have been genetically modified and humans are struggling to survive.

The legal principle of animal sentience recognizes that animals are capable of suffering and deserve protection from pain and distress, and has led to the development of animal welfare laws and regulations.

Franz Kafka's novel The Metamorphosis (1915) explores the themes of alienation, bureaucracy, and the dehumanization of modern society through the story of a man named Gregor Samsa who is transformed into a giant insect.

The legal doctrine of animal personhood recognizes that animals are legal persons with certain legal rights and interests, such as the right to life, liberty, and freedom from cruelty.

George Orwell's novel Animal Farm (1945) satirizes totalitarianism and the manipulation of language through the story of a pig named Napoleon who becomes the leader of a farm animal rebellion and eventually establishes a dictatorship.

The legal principle of animal property treats animals as chattels or personal property, and denies that they are capable of suffering or deserving protection from pain and distress.

Richard Adams' novel Watership Down (1972) tells the story of a group of rabbits who leave their warren in search of a new home and encounter various challenges and dangers along the way.

J.R.R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) features a talking eagle named Gwaihir who plays a crucial role in the quest to destroy the One Ring by rescuing Gandalf and Frodo from Mount Doom.