The Paris Agreement is an international treaty adopted in 2015 that aims to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It sets a goal of keeping global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably limiting it to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

The Endangered Species Act is a federal law in the United States that aims to protect and conserve endangered and threatened species and their habitats. It provides legal protection for these species and prohibits actions that may jeopardize their existence.

A cap-and-trade system is a market-based policy instrument that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting a cap on the total amount of emissions allowed and allowing entities to trade emission permits.

The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

Command-and-control regulation is a policy approach that involves setting specific limits or standards on the amount of a pollutant that can be discharged into the environment. It typically involves direct government regulation and enforcement.

The Clean Water Act is a federal law in the United States that aims to protect and restore the quality of water bodies, including rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, and coastal waters. It regulates the discharge of pollutants into these water bodies and sets standards for water quality.

A feed-in tariff is a policy instrument that provides financial incentives to renewable energy generators by guaranteeing a fixed price for the electricity they produce. This encourages the adoption of renewable energy technologies and helps to increase the share of renewable energy in the electricity mix.

The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty that aims to protect and conserve wetlands of international importance, such as marshes, swamps, bogs, and floodplains. It promotes the wise use of wetlands and encourages international cooperation for their conservation.

A carbon tax is a policy instrument that imposes a tax on carbon emissions, such as those from burning fossil fuels. This creates a financial incentive for entities to reduce their carbon emissions and encourages the adoption of cleaner energy sources.

The Clean Air Act is a federal law in the United States that aims to reduce air pollution from industrial sources and protect public health. It sets standards for air quality and regulates the emission of air pollutants, such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.

A renewable portfolio standard (RPS) is a policy instrument that requires electricity providers to generate a certain percentage of their electricity from renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower. This helps to increase the share of renewable energy in the electricity mix and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty that aims to protect and conserve biological diversity, including ecosystems, species, and genetic resources. It promotes the sustainable use of biological resources and encourages international cooperation for biodiversity conservation.

Information disclosure is a policy approach that involves providing information to consumers about the environmental impacts of products and services. This can include labeling requirements, environmental impact assessments, and public awareness campaigns. The goal is to empower consumers to make informed choices and encourage businesses to adopt more sustainable practices.

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is a federal law in the United States that aims to manage hazardous waste disposal and promote resource conservation. It sets standards for the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste and encourages the recycling and reuse of materials.

Voluntary agreements are a policy approach that involves setting voluntary environmental goals and targets for businesses and organizations. These agreements are typically negotiated between government agencies and industry representatives and can cover a wide range of environmental issues, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, and conserving water resources.