The Mercator Projection is a cylindrical projection that preserves angles and shapes, making it suitable for navigation and nautical charts.

A choropleth map uses colors or shades to represent the values of a quantitative variable across different geographic units.

A proportional symbol map uses symbols of varying sizes to represent the values of a quantitative variable at different locations.

Cartography is the art and science of creating maps and other visual representations of geographic data.

A dot map uses dots to represent the location and density of point data, with the size or color of the dots indicating the value of the data.

An isoline is a line on a map that connects points of equal value for a particular variable, such as temperature, elevation, or pressure.

A flow map uses arrows or lines to represent the direction and magnitude of movement or migration between different locations.

Digitizing is the process of converting geographic data from analog sources, such as paper maps or aerial photographs, into a digital format.

A topographic map shows the physical features of a landscape, including elevation, contour lines, and landforms.

Geocoding is the process of assigning geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) to a location.

A political map shows the boundaries and names of political units, such as countries, states, and counties.

Map overlay is the process of overlaying multiple layers of geographic data on a map to create a composite view.

A road map shows the location and names of roads and highways, as well as other transportation features such as airports and train stations.

Map projection is the process of adjusting the scale and orientation of a map to fit a specific area or purpose.

A physical map shows the location and names of natural features, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and forests.