Louis Le Prince is credited with creating the first motion picture film in 1888, using a single-lens camera.

The Story of the Kelly Gang, released in 1906, is the first feature-length film, running at 60 minutes.

Gregg Toland is renowned for his groundbreaking work in Citizen Kane (1941), where he employed deep focus and long takes to create a visually stunning and immersive experience.

Tracking refers to the movement of the camera along a path, either horizontally or vertically, to follow the action or reveal new elements of the scene.

Battleship Potemkin, directed by Sergei Eisenstein in 1925, is a seminal work in film history, noted for its innovative editing techniques, including the use of montage to convey powerful political messages.

Persistence of vision is the phenomenon that allows the human eye to perceive continuous movement when viewing a rapid sequence of still images, which is the basis of cinematography.

Gordon Willis, known for his collaborations with Woody Allen and Francis Ford Coppola, is renowned for his masterful use of chiaroscuro lighting, creating striking contrasts between light and shadow.

Superimposition is a technique in which multiple images or elements are叠加ed on top of each other within the same frame, creating a visually striking and surreal effect.

The Shining, directed by Stanley Kubrick in 1980, was one of the first films to extensively use the Steadicam, a camera stabilization system that allowed for smooth and fluid camera movements.

Rack focus, also known as pull focus, refers to the technique of smoothly shifting the focus from one object to another within the same shot, creating a dynamic and visually engaging effect.

Vittorio Storaro, an Italian cinematographer, is renowned for his masterful use of color and composition, creating visually stunning and evocative imagery in films such as Apocalypse Now and The Last Emperor.

A tracking shot involves mounting the camera on a moving vehicle, such as a car or train, to create a dynamic sense of movement and follow the action as it unfolds.

Terminator 2: Judgment Day, released in 1991, was a groundbreaking film in terms of CGI, introducing advanced visual effects and creating realistic computer-generated characters that seamlessly integrated with live-action footage.

A crane shot involves mounting the camera on a crane, allowing for elevated shots and sweeping movements that provide a bird's-eye view or create a sense of grandeur.

Andrei Tarkovsky, a Russian filmmaker, is renowned for his long takes, often lasting several minutes, and his minimalist camerawork, which creates a contemplative and immersive cinematic experience.