Counseling and Guidance encompasses a holistic approach that addresses academic, career, and personal-social aspects of an individual's development.

Humanistic Theory, particularly associated with Carl Rogers, emphasizes the inherent potential for growth and self-actualization within individuals.

Client-Centered Therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, aims to create a supportive environment where clients can explore and understand their inner experiences and feelings.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) emphasizes the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and aims to modify maladaptive thought patterns to improve emotional and behavioral outcomes.

Guidance Counselors typically assist students with career exploration, educational planning, and personal-social development.

Career Counseling encompasses a range of services aimed at helping individuals make informed career decisions, develop job search skills, and navigate career transitions.

Attachment Theory, developed by John Bowlby, emphasizes the significance of early childhood relationships in shaping an individual's emotional and social development.

Reality Therapy, developed by William Glasser, focuses on helping clients take responsibility for their choices and behaviors and to develop more effective coping mechanisms.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasizes the importance of accepting difficult thoughts and emotions while committing to values-based actions.

School Counselors typically assist students with personal-social development, academic planning, and career exploration.

Psychodynamic Theory, particularly associated with Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and defense mechanisms in shaping personality and behavior.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) emphasizes identifying clients' strengths and resources to help them find solutions to their problems.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) emphasizes the importance of dialectics (the synthesis of opposing forces) and mindfulness to help clients regulate emotions and improve interpersonal relationships.

Career Counselors typically assist individuals with career exploration, job search strategies, and career transitions.

Behaviorism, particularly associated with B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of observable behaviors, reinforcement, and punishment in shaping behavior.