Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a Swiss educator, is often credited with being the father of modern education due to his innovative teaching methods and emphasis on holistic development.

Religious institutions have often been responsible for imparting moral and ethical education, shaping cultural values and guiding individuals' behavior.

Humanism, with its focus on human reason and potential, challenged traditional religious teachings and promoted a more secular approach to education.

Vocationalism emphasizes the practical aspects of education, aiming to equip individuals with specific skills and knowledge for their chosen careers.

Islam places a strong emphasis on education, with the Quran and Hadith encouraging Muslims to seek knowledge and wisdom.

Religious education refers to the teaching of religious beliefs, practices, and values in schools, often as a separate subject or integrated into other subjects.

Existentialism emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and choice, viewing education as a journey of self-discovery and personal growth.

Academicism emphasizes the importance of intellectual development and rigorous academic study, often prioritizing traditional subjects like math, science, and literature.

Buddhism places a high value on education, particularly in the study of Buddhist scriptures and teachings, as a means of achieving spiritual enlightenment.

Social-emotional learning emphasizes the development of skills such as self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making.

Critical pedagogy emphasizes the role of education in challenging social inequalities and promoting social change, often through critical analysis of power structures and ideologies.

Arts education emphasizes the importance of developing students' creative and imaginative abilities through various art forms such as music, visual arts, drama, and dance.

Hinduism places a high value on education, particularly in the study of sacred texts and spiritual practices, as a means of achieving moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

Physical education emphasizes the importance of developing students' physical fitness, motor skills, and overall health through various physical activities and sports.

Civic education emphasizes the importance of developing students' understanding of civic values, democratic principles, and their responsibilities as citizens in a democratic society.