Aryabhata is widely recognized as the father of Indian mathematics for his contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and trigonometry.

Brahmagupta is credited with developing the concept of zero and introducing it into the Indian number system.

Aryabhatiya is a seminal work in Indian mathematics and astronomy written by Aryabhata in the 5th century CE.

Bhaskara II is credited with developing the Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

Srinivasa Ramanujan is often referred to as the 'Newton of India' for his remarkable contributions to mathematics, particularly in the areas of number theory and analysis.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is renowned for his work on the theory of relativity, particularly his studies on the structure and evolution of stars.

Jagadish Chandra Bose is regarded as the father of Indian physics for his pioneering work in the fields of radio and plant physiology.

C. V. Raman is known for his discovery of the Raman effect, which involves the inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

Homi J. Bhabha is widely regarded as the 'father of the Indian nuclear program' for his contributions to the development of nuclear science and technology in India.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is also known for his work on cosmic rays, particularly his studies on the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.

P. C. Ray is considered the 'father of Indian chemistry' for his contributions to the field, including his work on the synthesis of organic compounds and the study of natural products.

J. C. Ghosh is renowned for his work on the structure of benzene, proposing the correct hexagonal structure in 1867.

S. N. Bose is regarded as the 'father of Indian biochemistry' for his pioneering work in the field, including his studies on enzymes and metabolism.

M. N. Saha is known for his work on the Saha equation, which describes the ionization of atoms and molecules in stellar atmospheres.

D. N. Wadia is considered the 'father of Indian geology' for his contributions to the field, including his work on the geology of the Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent.