To provide directions to a specific destination.

To identify landmarks and points of interest.

To determine the distance and elevation gain of a route.

To help navigate in unfamiliar terrain.

Water bottle or hydration pack

First aid kit

Energy bars or snacks

Heavy winter clothing

The length of the route

The difficulty of the terrain

The availability of water sources

The weather conditions

Pack heavy items at the bottom and lighter items at the top.

Pack items you need to access quickly at the top.

Distribute weight evenly throughout the backpack.

Pack all items loosely to maximize space.

Take long, powerful strides.

Lean forward and use your arms for momentum.

Take short, steady steps and maintain a consistent pace.

Stop frequently to rest and catch your breath.

Walk backward to maintain control.

Slide down on your heels to save energy.

Take long, powerful strides to cover ground quickly.

Zigzag down the hill to reduce the gradient.

To provide additional support and stability.

To help propel yourself forward and maintain momentum.

To reduce the impact on your knees and joints.

To carry your backpack more comfortably.

Jump across if the water is shallow.

Wade through the water if it is deep.

Look for a bridge or fallen log to cross.

Build a makeshift raft using available materials.

Stay together and maintain visual contact.

Assign a leader and a sweeper.

Communicate regularly and check in with each other.

Hike at your own pace and ignore the group.

Approach the animal closely for a better look.

Make loud noises to scare the animal away.

Remain calm, avoid sudden movements, and slowly back away.

Run away as quickly as possible.

To generate revenue for trail maintenance and conservation.

To control the number of hikers on a trail to prevent overcrowding.

To ensure that hikers are properly equipped and prepared for the hike.

To provide hikers with information about the trail and its regulations.

Wear layers of clothing to trap warm air.

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.

Cover exposed skin to prevent frostbite.

Eat high-energy foods to maintain body temperature.

Continue hiking as planned, regardless of the weather.

Seek shelter immediately to avoid exposure to the elements.

Adjust your clothing and gear to adapt to the new conditions.

Turn back and head to the nearest trailhead.

To record your daily activities and experiences on the trail.

To document the flora and fauna you encounter along the way.

To keep track of your expenses and budget for the trip.

To provide a detailed account of the route you took.

Carry a map and compass or GPS device for navigation.

Inform someone about your planned route and expected return time.

Pack a first aid kit and other emergency supplies.

Leave no trace of your presence by cleaning up your campsite.