To maximize economic growth

To minimize unemployment

To stabilize prices

To promote economic equality

Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and trade policy

Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and industrial policy

Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and environmental policy

Fiscal policy, monetary policy, and social policy

The government's spending and taxing policies

The government's monetary policy

The government's trade policy

The government's industrial policy

The government's spending and taxing policies

The government's monetary policy

The government's trade policy

The government's industrial policy

The government's spending and taxing policies

The government's monetary policy

The government's trade policy

The government's industrial policy

To maximize economic growth

To minimize unemployment

To stabilize prices

To promote economic equality

To maximize economic growth

To minimize unemployment

To stabilize prices

To promote economic equality

To maximize economic growth

To minimize unemployment

To stabilize prices

To promote economic equality

Fiscal policy is short-term, while monetary policy is long-term

Fiscal policy is demand-side, while monetary policy is supply-side

Fiscal policy is expansionary, while monetary policy is contractionary

Fiscal policy is discretionary, while monetary policy is automatic

Trade policy is focused on the domestic economy, while industrial policy is focused on the international economy

Trade policy is focused on promoting exports, while industrial policy is focused on promoting imports

Trade policy is focused on reducing trade barriers, while industrial policy is focused on increasing trade barriers

Trade policy is focused on promoting free trade, while industrial policy is focused on promoting protectionism

Arguments for: market failures, externalities, and public goods; arguments against: government failure, rent-seeking, and moral hazard

Arguments for: economic growth, job creation, and social welfare; arguments against: inflation, unemployment, and trade deficits

Arguments for: national security, environmental protection, and consumer protection; arguments against: bureaucracy, corruption, and inefficiency

Arguments for: social justice, economic equality, and human rights; arguments against: economic inefficiency, individual liberty, and property rights

Taxes, subsidies, and regulations

Government spending and investment

Government ownership of businesses

All of the above

Economic uncertainty, political instability, and globalization

Technological change, climate change, and income inequality

Aging populations, rising healthcare costs, and declining tax revenues

All of the above

A shift towards more market-oriented policies

A greater focus on environmental sustainability

An increased emphasis on social welfare

All of the above