Controller Area Network (CAN) is a widely adopted protocol for communication between ECUs in automotive networks due to its reliability, low cost, and ability to support multiple nodes.

The LIN protocol is primarily used for low-speed communication between sensors, actuators, and ECUs in automotive networks, enabling efficient data exchange for basic functions.

FlexRay is a high-speed automotive networking protocol that supports deterministic data transmission and fault-tolerant communication, making it suitable for applications requiring real-time performance.

Ethernet offers high bandwidth and speed, enabling the transmission of large amounts of data, such as multimedia content and software updates, in automotive networks.

IEEE 802.3 defines the physical layer and data link layer specifications for Ethernet networks, including automotive Ethernet networks, providing a standardized framework for data transmission.

The MOST protocol is primarily used for multimedia and infotainment applications in automotive networks, enabling the transmission of audio, video, and data for entertainment and communication purposes.

J1939 is a widely adopted protocol for diagnostics and programming of automotive ECUs, providing standardized communication for fault detection, data logging, and software updates.

The OBD-II system is designed for diagnostics and emission monitoring in automotive networks, enabling the detection and reporting of faults, as well as monitoring of emission levels to ensure compliance with regulations.

LIN is a low-speed protocol specifically designed for communication between sensors and actuators in automotive networks, enabling efficient data exchange for basic functions and control.

CAN FD offers increased bandwidth and speed compared to traditional CAN, enabling higher data transmission rates and support for more complex applications in automotive networks.

Bluetooth is a wireless protocol that enables communication between automotive ECUs and external devices, such as smartphones, diagnostic tools, and other wireless devices, providing connectivity and data exchange capabilities.

SAE J1939 is a protocol specifically designed for communication between ECUs and external devices, such as diagnostic tools, programming devices, and other electronic systems, enabling data exchange and diagnostics.

Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) is a deterministic protocol designed for safety-critical applications in automotive networks, providing reliable and predictable communication for systems that require precise timing and fault tolerance.

Gateways in automotive networks enable the interconnection of different networks and protocols, allowing communication and data exchange between ECUs and devices that use different communication standards.