Urbanization is primarily driven by a combination of economic growth, technological advancements, and migration from rural areas.

Urbanization typically leads to a decrease in urban biodiversity due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and pollution.

Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation.

Urbanization often leads to a decline in ecosystem services due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and pollution.

Water purification, climate regulation, and pollination are all examples of ecosystem services that benefit humans.

Green infrastructure encompasses using vegetation and natural elements to manage stormwater runoff, creating parks and green spaces in urban areas, and promoting sustainable urban development.

Green infrastructure can help mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization by providing habitat for wildlife, improving air and water quality, and reducing the urban heat island effect.

Urban planning plays a crucial role in promoting urban biodiversity and ecosystem services through zoning regulations, land use planning, transportation planning, and other measures.

Implementing green infrastructure and sustainable urban planning practices often faces challenges such as cost, political will, and lack of public awareness.

Public engagement and education can contribute to promoting urban biodiversity and ecosystem services by raising awareness, encouraging sustainable behaviors, and supporting green infrastructure and sustainable urban planning initiatives.

Urban biodiversity and ecosystem services provide essential resources for human survival, contribute to human health and well-being, and enhance the quality of life in urban areas.

The impact of urbanization on urban biodiversity and ecosystem services can be measured and monitored through ecological surveys, remote sensing data, social surveys, and other methods.

Innovative approaches such as vertical greening, green roofs, and pocket parks can help promote urban biodiversity and ecosystem services in rapidly urbanizing areas.

Urban biodiversity and ecosystem services can be integrated into urban planning and decision-making processes through land use planning, incorporating green infrastructure, promoting sustainable transportation, and other measures.

International cooperation and collaboration play a crucial role in addressing the challenges of urbanization and promoting urban biodiversity and ecosystem services through sharing best practices, providing financial and technical assistance, and promoting capacity building.