QGIS is a desktop GIS software, while ArcGIS Online, Google Maps, and Leaflet are web mapping platforms.

Web maps offer interactivity, scalability, and portability, allowing users to zoom, pan, and explore the map, as well as access additional information and layers.

Data transformation involves converting geographic data into a format that can be displayed and manipulated in a web mapping environment.

Choropleth maps are thematic maps that use colors or patterns to represent data values across geographic areas, while basemaps, thematic maps, and interactive maps are all common types of web maps.

Web mapping APIs provide the functionality to display maps, enable user interaction, and allow developers to create custom web mapping applications.

3D visualization is not as common in web mapping applications as zoom and pan, layer control, and legend.

Data integration involves adding geographic data from various sources to a web map.

Navigation apps are not typically considered web mapping applications, as they primarily focus on providing directions and navigation.

Story mapping involves creating interactive web maps that combine text, images, and multimedia to tell a story or convey a message.

Text symbols are not typically used as symbols in web maps, as they are primarily used for labeling features.

API programming involves using web mapping APIs to create custom web mapping applications.

Azimuthal Equidistant projection is not as commonly used in web mapping as the other projections mentioned.

Map publishing involves sharing web maps and data with others through various platforms and services.

Overlay layer is not a common type of web map layer, as it is typically used in GIS software rather than web mapping.

Spatial analysis involves analyzing and visualizing spatial data in a web mapping environment.