Cultural preferences are not a key factor influencing the spatial distribution of economic activity, as they do not directly affect the location of production or consumption.

Agglomeration is the process by which economic activities are concentrated in certain geographic areas, leading to the formation of economic clusters.

Environmental degradation is not a potential benefit of agglomeration, as it can result from the concentration of economic activities in a limited geographic area.

Counterurbanization is the movement of people and businesses from urban areas to rural areas, often driven by factors such as rising housing costs and a desire for a more relaxed lifestyle.

Increased traffic congestion is not a potential consequence of counterurbanization, as it is typically associated with the movement of people and businesses from rural areas to urban areas.

Dispersion is the process by which economic activities are dispersed across a wider geographic area, often driven by factors such as technological advancements and changes in consumer preferences.

Increased transportation costs are not a potential benefit of dispersion, as they can result from the dispersal of economic activities across a wider geographic area.

Centralization is the process by which economic activities are concentrated in a single geographic area, often driven by factors such as the presence of natural resources or a favorable transportation network.

Improved quality of life is not a potential consequence of centralization, as it can result in increased congestion, pollution, and social problems.

Decentralization is the process by which economic activities are dispersed from a single geographic area to multiple geographic areas, often driven by factors such as government policies or technological advancements.

Increased transportation costs are not a potential benefit of decentralization, as they can result from the dispersal of economic activities across multiple geographic areas.

Decentralization is the process by which economic activities are relocated from one geographic area to another, often driven by factors such as government policies or technological advancements.

Increased transportation costs are not a potential consequence of decentralization, as they can result from the dispersal of economic activities across multiple geographic areas.

Centralization is the process by which economic activities are concentrated in a single geographic area, often driven by factors such as the presence of natural resources or a favorable transportation network.

Improved quality of life is not a potential consequence of centralization, as it can result in increased congestion, pollution, and social problems.