Phytoplankton are microscopic algae that use sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis, forming the base of the marine food web.

Diurnal migration refers to the daily vertical movement of marine organisms, typically from deeper waters to shallower waters at night and vice versa during the day.

Upwelling zones are areas of the ocean where nutrient-rich waters from deeper layers are brought to the surface, supporting high levels of primary productivity and diverse marine life.

Crustaceans, including crabs, shrimp, lobsters, and krill, represent the largest group of marine invertebrates in terms of species diversity and biomass.

The firefly squid, found in the waters of Japan, is renowned for its spectacular bioluminescent displays, creating mesmerizing light patterns during mating season.

Acclimatization refers to the physiological and behavioral adjustments that marine organisms make in response to short-term changes in their environment, allowing them to maintain homeostasis.

Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems, providing habitat for a wide variety of marine organisms and supporting complex food webs.

Decomposition is the process by which marine organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter into simpler compounds, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem.

The whale shark, the largest fish species, is a filter feeder that swims with its mouth open, filtering plankton and small organisms from the water.

Marine ecology is the study of the interactions between marine organisms and their environment, including their distribution, abundance, and behavior.

Abyssal plains are vast, flat regions of the ocean floor found at depths of 4,000 to 6,000 meters, characterized by darkness, high pressure, and a unique ecosystem adapted to these extreme conditions.

Reproduction is the process by which marine organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species and the transfer of genetic material.

Octopuses are masters of camouflage, using their ability to change color and texture to blend in with their surroundings, making them difficult to spot by predators and prey alike.

Biogeography is the study of the distribution and abundance of marine organisms, examining patterns and processes that shape the geographic ranges and diversity of species.

Estuaries are dynamic ecosystems where freshwater from rivers meets saltwater from the ocean, creating a unique environment with high productivity and diverse marine life.