Political sociology and health policy examines the ways in which political power and institutions shape health outcomes and access to healthcare.

The Social Determinants of Health Theory posits that health outcomes are largely determined by social and economic factors, such as income, education, and access to healthcare.

Health equity refers to the fair and just distribution of health outcomes, without avoidable or remediable disparities between different population groups.

Conservatism often promotes individual responsibility for health and favors limited government involvement in healthcare, emphasizing personal choice and market mechanisms.

Policy advocacy refers to the efforts of individuals or groups to influence the development and implementation of public policies, including health policies.

Pluralist Theory posits that health policy outcomes result from the interactions and negotiations among various interest groups, political institutions, and policy entrepreneurs.

Policy implementation refers to the process of putting health policies into practice and carrying out their intended goals and objectives.

The Political Economy of Health Theory analyzes the relationship between economic and political structures and health policy outcomes, highlighting the role of power dynamics and class struggle.

Policy evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness, impact, and outcomes of health policies to determine whether they are achieving their intended goals.

Socialism often promotes a strong role of government in healthcare provision, emphasizing collective responsibility and social solidarity to ensure equitable access to healthcare.

Policy formulation refers to the process of developing and designing health policies, including identifying problems, setting goals, and determining strategies to achieve those goals.

The Cultural Theory of Health posits that culture, values, and beliefs play a significant role in shaping health policy outcomes and health behaviors.

Policy advocacy refers to the efforts of individuals or groups to influence the development and implementation of public policies, including health policies.

Liberalism often promotes individual liberty and minimal government intervention in healthcare, emphasizing personal choice and market mechanisms.

Policy evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness, impact, and outcomes of health policies to determine whether they are achieving their intended goals.