The lack of economic opportunities, such as jobs, education, and access to resources, is the primary cause of poverty in developing countries.

Poverty is associated with poor health, low educational attainment, and social isolation, but it is not associated with increased life expectancy.

Ghettoization refers to the concentration of poverty in certain geographic areas, often due to discrimination and segregation.

Relative poverty is defined as poverty in relation to the average income of a society, meaning that individuals or households are considered poor if their income falls below a certain percentage of the median income.

Social inequality is caused by factors such as discrimination, unequal access to education and healthcare, and unequal opportunities, not by equal opportunities for all.

Polarization refers to the process by which the gap between the rich and the poor widens, leading to increased inequality.

Deregulation, which involves reducing government regulations on businesses, is not a policy aimed at reducing poverty. Minimum wage laws, progressive taxation, and social welfare programs are all policies designed to reduce poverty.

The poverty trap refers to a situation in which poverty is self-perpetuating, meaning that individuals or households are unable to escape poverty due to a lack of resources and opportunities.

Social inequality is associated with increased crime, decreased social mobility, and increased social unrest, but it is not associated with improved health outcomes.

Plutocracy refers to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a small number of individuals or families, often leading to political power and influence.

Equal pay laws, which prohibit employers from paying different wages to men and women for the same work, are not a factor contributing to the gender pay gap. Discrimination, occupational segregation, and lack of access to education are all factors that contribute to the gender pay gap.

Intersectionality refers to the overlapping and interconnected nature of social identities and their associated oppressions, recognizing that individuals may experience multiple forms of discrimination and disadvantage based on their race, gender, class, sexual orientation, and other social identities.

A flat tax, which involves taxing all income at the same rate, is not a policy aimed at reducing social inequality. Affirmative action, universal basic income, and wealth tax are all policies designed to reduce social inequality.

Social mobility refers to the process by which individuals or groups move from one social class to another, either upward or downward.

Equal opportunities for all is not a factor contributing to racial inequality. Discrimination, residential segregation, and unequal access to education are all factors that contribute to racial inequality.