Sumerian, a language isolate, was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia and is regarded as one of the earliest written languages, dating back to around 3500 BCE.

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, a complex writing system, comprised three scripts: hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic, each serving different purposes and evolving over time.

Latin, the language of the ancient Roman Empire, is an extinct Indo-European language that gave rise to many modern Romance languages, including Italian, Spanish, French, and Portuguese.

The Indus Script, also known as the Harappan Script, is an ancient writing system used in the Indus Valley Civilization. Despite extensive research, it remains largely undeciphered, leaving many aspects of this ancient civilization shrouded in mystery.

Ancient Greek, spoken in ancient Greece, is an extinct Indo-European language that played a pivotal role in Western civilization. It is renowned for its extensive literature, philosophical works, and dramatic plays.

Avestan, an extinct Iranian language, was spoken in ancient Persia and is closely related to Sanskrit. It is primarily known through the Avesta, a collection of sacred Zoroastrian texts.

Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language, is the ancestor of many modern Indo-Aryan languages spoken in South Asia. It is known for its rich literature, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

The Maya language, spoken by the ancient Maya civilization, is an extinct Mayan language. It is known for its complex writing system, which includes logograms and syllabic characters.

Nahuatl, spoken by the ancient Aztecs, is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language. It is known for its extensive use of pictographs, which were used to represent words and concepts in their writing system.

Quechua, spoken by the ancient Incas, is an extinct Quechuan language. It is known for its use of quipus, a system of knotted strings used for recording information and conveying messages.

Akkadian, spoken by the ancient Babylonians, is an extinct Semitic language. It is known for its extensive use of cuneiform script, one of the earliest forms of writing.

Assyrian, spoken by the ancient Assyrians, is an extinct Semitic language closely related to Akkadian. It was widely used in the Assyrian Empire and played a significant role in the history of Mesopotamia.

Hittite, spoken by the ancient Hittites, is an extinct Indo-European language. It is known for its complex hieroglyphic writing system, which was used for both monumental inscriptions and everyday communication.

Ancient Egyptian, spoken by the ancient Egyptians, is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language. It is known for its use of hieroglyphs, a writing system that combines logograms, syllabic characters, and alphabetic signs.

Etruscan, spoken by the ancient Etruscans, is an extinct Tyrsenian language. It is known for its unique alphabet, which was adopted and adapted by the Romans to form the Latin alphabet.