A labor union is an organization that represents the interests of workers in negotiations with employers. Its primary goal is to improve the working conditions, wages, and benefits of its members.

The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, led to the concentration of workers in factories and the emergence of large-scale industries. This resulted in poor working conditions and low wages, which sparked the formation of labor unions to advocate for workers' rights.

A strike is a form of protest in which workers refuse to work in order to pressure their employer to meet their demands. The main purpose of a strike is to improve working conditions, such as wages, benefits, and safety standards.

Unionization is the process by which workers come together to form a union. It involves organizing workers, collecting signatures, and holding elections to establish a union as the exclusive representative of workers in a particular bargaining unit.

A union steward is a union member who is elected by their fellow workers to represent them in grievance procedures. They are responsible for investigating and resolving workplace issues, such as disputes over wages, benefits, or working conditions.

Collective bargaining is the process of negotiation between a union and an employer to determine the terms and conditions of employment for a group of workers. It involves discussing wages, benefits, working hours, and other aspects of the employment relationship.

A grievance procedure is a formal process for resolving disputes between workers and employers. It involves a series of steps, such as filing a grievance, conducting an investigation, and holding a hearing, to reach a resolution that is fair to both parties.

Arbitration is a process in which a neutral third party, known as an arbitrator, hears evidence and arguments from both sides of a labor dispute and makes a binding decision that resolves the dispute.

Mediation is a process in which a neutral third party, known as a mediator, helps the parties in a labor dispute to communicate and negotiate with each other in order to reach a mutually acceptable resolution.

A strike is a form of protest in which workers withdraw their labor in order to pressure their employer to meet their demands. It involves workers refusing to work until their demands are met.

A lockout is a form of protest in which an employer refuses to allow workers to enter the workplace in response to a strike. It involves the employer closing the workplace and preventing workers from working until the strike is resolved.

Picketing is a form of protest in which workers form a picket line outside their workplace during a strike. It involves workers carrying signs and chanting slogans to raise awareness about the strike and to discourage customers from entering the workplace.

A boycott is a form of protest in which consumers refuse to buy products or services from a company in protest against its labor practices. It involves consumers boycotting the company's products or services until their demands are met.

A sit-in is a form of protest in which workers occupy their workplace in protest against an employer's actions. It involves workers refusing to leave the workplace until their demands are met.

A secondary boycott is a form of protest in which workers refuse to handle or work with products or materials that are produced by a company that is involved in a labor dispute. It involves workers boycotting the products or materials of the company that is involved in the dispute.