Food irradiation is a process that uses ionizing radiation to kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in food, thereby sterilizing it and extending its shelf life.

Gamma radiation, typically obtained from radioactive isotopes such as cobalt-60, is the most commonly used type of radiation in food irradiation due to its high penetrating power and effectiveness in eliminating microorganisms.

In India, the maximum permissible dose of radiation allowed for food irradiation is 10 kGy (kiloGray), as specified by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).

In India, a variety of food items, including fruits and vegetables, meat and poultry, spices and herbs, are commonly irradiated to ensure their safety and extend their shelf life.

Food irradiation offers several benefits, including the elimination of harmful microorganisms, extension of shelf life by delaying spoilage, and in some cases, improvement of nutritional value by reducing the loss of certain nutrients during storage.

Irradiated foods are safe for consumption when processed according to established safety standards. Extensive research and regulatory oversight have confirmed that irradiation does not introduce any harmful substances or alter the nutritional value of food in a significant way.

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the primary regulatory body responsible for ensuring the safety of irradiated food in India. FSSAI sets regulations, monitors compliance, and conducts inspections to ensure that irradiated food meets safety standards.

The Codex Alimentarius is the international standard that governs food irradiation practices. It provides guidelines and recommendations for the safe and effective use of irradiation in food processing.

The World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) work together to set standards and guidelines for food irradiation, ensuring its safe and effective use.

Food irradiation is particularly advantageous because it is more effective in eliminating microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, compared to other food preservation methods.

Increased shelf life of food is a benefit of food irradiation, not a potential concern.

The adoption of food irradiation technology faces challenges such as lack of consumer acceptance, high cost of irradiation facilities, and limited availability of irradiation facilities.

The recommended maximum absorbed dose for spices and herbs in India is 10 kGy, as per the regulations set by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).

The recommended maximum absorbed dose for meat and poultry products in India is 7 kGy, as per the regulations set by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).

The recommended maximum absorbed dose for fruits and vegetables in India is 1 kGy, as per the regulations set by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).