The primary function of the judiciary is to interpret and apply the laws of the land, ensuring that they are applied fairly and justly.

The judiciary ensures accountability in a democratic system by reviewing the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government, investigating and prosecuting individuals who violate the law, and providing a forum for citizens to challenge government actions.

The principle of judicial review is the power of the judiciary to declare laws unconstitutional, ensuring that they comply with the constitution.

Judicial review ensures accountability by preventing the executive and legislative branches of government from passing laws that violate the constitution and by providing a forum for citizens to challenge laws that they believe violate the constitution.

The judiciary plays a crucial role in ensuring accountability for human rights violations by investigating and prosecuting individuals accused of such violations, providing a forum for victims to seek justice, and ordering the government to take steps to prevent future violations.

The judiciary ensures accountability for corruption by investigating and prosecuting individuals accused of corruption, ordering the government to take steps to prevent corruption, and providing a forum for citizens to report corruption.

The judiciary plays a vital role in ensuring accountability for environmental damage by investigating and prosecuting individuals and organizations accused of such damage, ordering the government to take steps to prevent environmental damage, and providing a forum for citizens to challenge government actions that harm the environment.

The judiciary ensures accountability for violations of international law by investigating and prosecuting individuals accused of such violations, ordering the government to take steps to comply with international law, and providing a forum for individuals and organizations to challenge government actions that violate international law.

The judiciary faces several challenges in ensuring accountability, including political interference, lack of resources, and public apathy.

The judiciary can overcome the challenges it faces in ensuring accountability by asserting its independence from the other branches of government, seeking public support for its work, and working with other institutions to promote accountability.