The changing nature of historical sources is one of the key challenges facing Indian historiography in the 21st century. With the advent of digital technologies, the volume and variety of historical sources available to researchers has increased exponentially. This has led to new challenges in terms of how to manage, analyze, and interpret these sources.

Globalization has had a positive impact on historical research in India by facilitating the exchange of ideas and perspectives among historians. This has led to a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of Indian history.

The decolonization of history is a significant movement that seeks to challenge Eurocentric narratives of history, promote a more inclusive and diverse understanding of the past, and recover the histories of marginalized communities.

The decolonization of history faces several challenges, including the lack of access to historical sources, the resistance from traditional historians, and the difficulty in constructing alternative narratives.

Indian historiography in the 21st century has several prospects, including the emergence of new historical methodologies, the use of digital technologies to enhance historical research, and the increasing collaboration between historians from different countries.