Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed for Spain and is credited with discovering the Americas in 1492.

New Spain was the name of the Spanish empire in the Americas, which included Mexico, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean.

Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521.

Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in 1532.

The Victoria was the only ship of Ferdinand Magellan's fleet to circumnavigate the world, completing the journey in 1522.

Philip II was the Spanish king who ruled during the height of the empire, from 1556 to 1598.

The Philippines was a Spanish colony from 1565 to 1898.

Guam was a Spanish colony from 1668 to 1898.

The Mariana Islands were a Spanish colony from 1668 to 1898.

The Caroline Islands were a Spanish colony from 1686 to 1898.

Palau was a Spanish colony from 1697 to 1898.

The Marshall Islands were a Spanish colony from 1529 to 1898.

The Federated States of Micronesia were a Spanish colony from 1686 to 1898.

Nauru was a Spanish colony from 1606 to 1898.

Kiribati was a Spanish colony from 1606 to 1898.