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Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Development

Description: This quiz aims to assess your understanding of evolutionary perspectives on human development, covering topics such as attachment, parenting, mating strategies, and the role of culture in shaping human behavior.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: evolutionary psychology human development attachment parenting mating strategies culture
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According to evolutionary theory, what is the primary function of attachment in human infants?

  1. To ensure survival and protection

  2. To facilitate social interaction

  3. To promote cognitive development

  4. To enhance emotional regulation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

From an evolutionary perspective, attachment is primarily seen as a survival mechanism that ensures the infant's proximity to the caregiver, thereby increasing the chances of survival and protection.

Which parenting style is characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness, as well as clear and consistent limits?

  1. Authoritative

  2. Authoritarian

  3. Permissive

  4. Neglectful


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth and responsiveness with clear and consistent limits. This parenting style is associated with positive child outcomes, such as high self-esteem, social competence, and academic achievement.

In evolutionary terms, what is the primary goal of mating strategies?

  1. To maximize reproductive success

  2. To find a compatible partner

  3. To establish a long-term relationship

  4. To fulfill emotional needs


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

From an evolutionary perspective, the primary goal of mating strategies is to maximize reproductive success, which involves producing and raising offspring that are likely to survive and reproduce.

Which mating strategy involves seeking short-term sexual relationships with multiple partners?

  1. Monogamy

  2. Polygyny

  3. Polyandry

  4. Serial monogamy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Polygyny is a mating strategy in which a male has multiple female partners at the same time. This strategy is often associated with high levels of male competition and is found in some human societies.

According to evolutionary theory, what is the role of culture in human development?

  1. To transmit learned behaviors and values

  2. To promote genetic diversity

  3. To enhance physical fitness

  4. To regulate population growth


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Culture plays a crucial role in human development by transmitting learned behaviors, values, and norms from one generation to the next. This process allows for the accumulation and sharing of knowledge, skills, and beliefs that are essential for survival and adaptation.

Which evolutionary theory suggests that human behavior is influenced by ancestral adaptations that were beneficial in the past?

  1. Natural selection

  2. Sexual selection

  3. Kin selection

  4. Inclusive fitness


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Natural selection is a fundamental evolutionary theory that explains how organisms adapt to their environment over time. According to this theory, traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproductive success are more likely to be passed on to offspring.

What is the term for the tendency to prefer potential mates who are similar to oneself in terms of physical appearance, personality, and values?

  1. Assortative mating

  2. Disassortative mating

  3. Random mating

  4. Polygamy


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Assortative mating refers to the tendency for individuals to choose mates who are similar to themselves in terms of various characteristics. This phenomenon can be explained by evolutionary theories that emphasize the importance of genetic compatibility and resource acquisition in mate selection.

Which evolutionary theory proposes that individuals are more likely to help and cooperate with genetically related individuals?

  1. Kin selection

  2. Inclusive fitness

  3. Reciprocal altruism

  4. Social exchange theory


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Kin selection is an evolutionary theory that explains altruistic behavior towards genetically related individuals. According to this theory, individuals are more likely to engage in behaviors that benefit their relatives, even if it comes at a cost to themselves, because it increases the chances of passing on their genes to future generations.

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to favor their own offspring over the offspring of others?

  1. Parental investment

  2. Nepotism

  3. Favoritism

  4. Kin selection


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nepotism refers to the practice of favoring one's own relatives, especially in matters of employment, promotion, or other advantages. This behavior can be explained by evolutionary theories that emphasize the importance of kin selection and inclusive fitness.

Which evolutionary theory suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in behaviors that increase their social status and reputation?

  1. Social dominance theory

  2. Social exchange theory

  3. Reciprocal altruism

  4. Inclusive fitness


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Social dominance theory proposes that individuals are motivated to achieve and maintain a high social status within their group. This theory suggests that individuals engage in behaviors that enhance their social standing, such as acquiring resources, gaining power, and forming alliances.

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to conform to the norms and expectations of their social group?

  1. Social conformity

  2. Social influence

  3. Groupthink

  4. Social identity theory


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Social conformity refers to the tendency for individuals to adjust their behavior, beliefs, and attitudes to match those of the group they belong to. This behavior can be explained by evolutionary theories that emphasize the importance of group cohesion and cooperation for survival and reproductive success.

Which evolutionary theory proposes that individuals are more likely to cooperate with others when they expect to receive reciprocal benefits in the future?

  1. Reciprocal altruism

  2. Social exchange theory

  3. Kin selection

  4. Inclusive fitness


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Reciprocal altruism is an evolutionary theory that explains cooperation between individuals who are not genetically related. According to this theory, individuals engage in altruistic behaviors towards others with the expectation of receiving similar benefits in return in the future.

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to prefer potential mates who are different from themselves in terms of physical appearance, personality, and values?

  1. Disassortative mating

  2. Assortative mating

  3. Random mating

  4. Polygamy


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Disassortative mating refers to the tendency for individuals to choose mates who are different from themselves in terms of various characteristics. This phenomenon can be explained by evolutionary theories that emphasize the importance of genetic diversity and the avoidance of inbreeding.

Which evolutionary theory suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in behaviors that increase their reproductive success, even if it comes at a cost to their own survival?

  1. Sexual selection

  2. Natural selection

  3. Kin selection

  4. Inclusive fitness


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sexual selection is an evolutionary theory that explains the evolution of traits that enhance an individual's mating success. According to this theory, individuals engage in behaviors and develop traits that make them more attractive to potential mates, even if these traits may be costly in terms of survival.

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to prefer potential mates who are similar to themselves in terms of social status, education, and income?

  1. Status-based mating

  2. Assortative mating

  3. Disassortative mating

  4. Random mating


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Status-based mating refers to the tendency for individuals to choose mates who are similar to themselves in terms of social status, education, and income. This phenomenon can be explained by evolutionary theories that emphasize the importance of resource acquisition and social support in mate selection.

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