Environmentalism is an ideology that prioritizes the protection and conservation of the natural environment, advocating for sustainable practices and policies to minimize human impact on the ecosystem.

The tragedy of the commons suggests that when individuals act solely in their own self-interest in exploiting a shared resource, it leads to overconsumption and eventual depletion of the resource.

Socialism seeks to address social and economic inequalities by redistributing wealth and resources, and often incorporates environmental sustainability as a key component of its ideology.

Ecocentrism recognizes the inherent value of nature, independent of its usefulness to humans, while anthropocentrism views nature primarily as a resource for human use and benefit.

Libertarianism advocates for individual liberty and minimal government intervention, which can result in a laissez-faire approach to environmental regulation, where the government plays a limited role in protecting the environment.

Sustainable development seeks to achieve economic growth while minimizing negative environmental impacts by integrating environmental considerations into economic decision-making processes.

Conservatism tends to prioritize tradition, social order, and national sovereignty, which can lead to a conservative approach to environmental policy, emphasizing the preservation of existing practices and institutions.

Environmental justice aims to address the disproportionate environmental burdens faced by marginalized communities by ensuring equal access to environmental resources, such as clean air, water, and healthy living conditions.

Collectivism emphasizes the importance of collective action and social responsibility, which can lead to a more collaborative approach to addressing environmental challenges, such as climate change and pollution.

Degrowth advocates for a steady state economy, where production and consumption are maintained at a sustainable level, in contrast to sustainable development, which seeks to balance economic growth with environmental protection.

Neoclassical economics emphasizes the importance of economic efficiency and market mechanisms, suggesting that environmental issues can be addressed through market-based solutions, such as carbon pricing and emissions trading.

Environmental racism refers to the disproportionate exposure of marginalized communities to environmental hazards, such as air pollution, toxic waste, and hazardous facilities, often due to systemic racism and discrimination.

Post-materialism emphasizes the importance of non-material values, such as spirituality, community, and environmental protection, in shaping individual and societal attitudes and behaviors.

Ecofeminism explores the connections between the oppression of women and the degradation of the environment, arguing that patriarchal power structures contribute to environmental destruction.

Indigenous environmentalism recognizes the importance of indigenous knowledge and traditional practices in promoting environmental sustainability and preserving biodiversity.