The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. The goal of the agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

The UNFCCC's objective is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. This includes the adoption of policies and measures to mitigate climate change, adapt to its impacts, and provide financial assistance to developing countries.

Biodiversity conservation is not directly related to climate change and research policy. While climate change can have significant impacts on biodiversity, the primary focus of climate change research and policy is on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change.

Scientific research plays a crucial role in climate change policymaking by providing evidence for the existence of climate change, developing mitigation and adaptation strategies, and assessing the impacts of climate change. This information is essential for policymakers to make informed decisions about how to address climate change.

China is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world, accounting for approximately 28% of global emissions. The United States is the second largest emitter, accounting for approximately 15% of global emissions.

Electricity generation is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, accounting for approximately 25% of total emissions. Transportation is the second largest source, accounting for approximately 28% of total emissions.

Agriculture is responsible for the majority of deforestation in the world, accounting for approximately 80% of total deforestation. Deforestation is a major contributor to climate change, as forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Climate variability refers to the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events due to climate change. This includes events such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and wildfires.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international organization responsible for coordinating global efforts to address climate change. The IPCC provides scientific assessments of climate change, its impacts, and potential response options.

Mitigation refers to the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from existing sources. This includes measures such as improving energy efficiency, switching to renewable energy sources, and reducing deforestation.

China is the largest investor in renewable energy in the world, accounting for approximately 36% of global investment in 2020. The United States is the second largest investor, accounting for approximately 12% of global investment.

Adaptation refers to the process of preparing for and responding to the impacts of climate change. This includes measures such as building sea walls to protect coastal communities from rising sea levels, developing drought-resistant crops, and improving early warning systems for extreme weather events.

Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country to the impacts of climate change, according to the World Risk Index. The country is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, cyclones, and flooding.

Resilience refers to the ability of a system to withstand and recover from the impacts of climate change. This includes measures such as building infrastructure that is resistant to extreme weather events, developing social safety nets to protect vulnerable populations, and promoting sustainable land management practices.

Saudi Arabia has the highest per capita greenhouse gas emissions in the world, due to its reliance on fossil fuels for energy production and its high consumption of energy.