Aryabhata, a 5th-century mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the 'Father of Indian Mathematics'. He made significant contributions to arithmetic, algebra, and astronomy, including the development of the concept of zero and the decimal system.

Brahmagupta, a 7th-century mathematician and astronomer, is renowned for his work on indeterminate equations and the development of the Pell's equation. He also made significant contributions to algebra, geometry, and astronomy.

Bhaskara II, an 12th-century mathematician and astronomer, is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of medieval India. He made significant contributions to trigonometry, calculus, number theory, and astronomy, including the development of trigonometric identities and the concept of differential calculus.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a 20th-century mathematician, is known for his remarkable contributions to number theory, infinite series, and mathematical analysis. He developed the Ramanujan prime and made significant discoveries in partition theory and modular forms.

Fibonacci, an Italian mathematician of the 13th century, is credited with developing the Fibonacci sequence and introducing the concept of the golden ratio to the Western world. The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher of the 17th century, is known for his work on magic squares and the development of Pascal's triangle. Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients that has numerous applications in mathematics.

Liu Hui, a Chinese mathematician of the 3rd century, is credited with developing the concept of negative numbers and the decimal system. He also made significant contributions to astronomy and cartography.

Newton, an English mathematician and physicist of the 17th century, is known for his work on calculus and the development of the mean value theorem. Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and accumulation.

Georg Cantor, a German mathematician of the 19th century, is credited with developing the concept of infinity and the transfinite numbers. His work on set theory laid the foundation for modern mathematics.

G.H. Hardy, an English mathematician of the 20th century, is known for his work on number theory and the development of the Hardy-Ramanujan conjecture. He collaborated with Srinivasa Ramanujan on several mathematical problems.

Bernhard Riemann, a German mathematician of the 19th century, is credited with developing the concept of the Riemann zeta function and the Riemann hypothesis. The Riemann hypothesis is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics.

William Hodge, a Scottish mathematician of the 20th century, is known for his work on algebraic geometry and the development of the Hodge theory. Hodge theory is a powerful tool for studying the topology of algebraic varieties.

Alan Turing, an English mathematician and computer scientist of the 20th century, is credited with developing the concept of the Turing machine and the theory of computation. His work laid the foundation for the field of computer science.

Paul Erdős, a Hungarian mathematician of the 20th century, is known for his work on graph theory and the development of the Erdős-Rényi model. He is one of the most prolific mathematicians in history, having published over 1,500 papers.

Benoit Mandelbrot, a French mathematician of the 20th century, is credited with developing the concept of the Mandelbrot set and the theory of fractals. Fractals are geometric patterns that exhibit self-similarity at different scales.