Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common type of osteoporosis, affecting women after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis as it is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation by synthesizing and depositing new bone tissue.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism, influencing bone health by promoting bone resorption and maintaining calcium levels.

Adults aged 50 and above are recommended to consume 1,200 mg of calcium daily to maintain bone health.

Yogurt is a good source of calcium, providing approximately 415 mg of calcium per 8-ounce serving.

Adults aged 50 and above are recommended to consume 600 IU of vitamin D daily to maintain bone health.

Fortified milk is a good source of vitamin D, providing approximately 100 IU of vitamin D per 8-ounce serving.

Aging is the primary cause of osteoporosis in men, leading to decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures.

Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, can increase the risk of osteoporosis by inhibiting bone formation and promoting bone resorption.

Hip fractures are the most common site of osteoporotic fractures, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality.

Back pain, particularly in the lower back, is a common symptom of osteoporosis, often caused by vertebral compression fractures.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, providing accurate measurements of bone mineral density.

Bisphosphonates are a common treatment option for osteoporosis, acting to inhibit bone resorption and reduce the risk of fractures.

Postmenopausal women are recommended to undergo bone density testing every 2 years to monitor bone health and assess the risk of osteoporosis.