The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement that aims to ensure the safe and responsible use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by establishing a framework for the assessment and management of risks associated with GMOs.

The primary purpose of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regulating genetic engineering is to ensure the safety and efficacy of genetically engineered food and drugs. The FDA evaluates the safety of genetically engineered food and drugs through a rigorous review process before they can be marketed.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the US federal agency responsible for regulating the environmental impact of genetically engineered organisms (GEOs). The EPA evaluates the potential risks and benefits of GEOs and develops regulations to minimize any potential adverse effects on the environment.

Gene escape is the term used to describe the unauthorized release of a genetically modified organism (GMO) into the environment. Gene escape can occur through various mechanisms, such as cross-pollination, seed dispersal, or accidental release during transportation or cultivation.

The primary goal of the European Union's (EU) Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment is to protect human health and the environment from potential risks associated with GMOs. The directive establishes a framework for the assessment and management of risks associated with GMOs before they can be released into the environment.

The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is the international organization responsible for coordinating global efforts to develop and implement standards for the safe use of genetic engineering. The CAC develops standards for food safety, quality, and labeling, including standards for genetically modified foods.

Genetic manipulation is the term used to describe the process of modifying an organism's genome using genetic engineering techniques. Genetic manipulation can be used to insert, delete, or modify genes in an organism's genome.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the US federal agency responsible for regulating the safety of genetically engineered animals. The FDA evaluates the safety of genetically engineered animals through a rigorous review process before they can be marketed for food or other purposes.

Gene transfer is the term used to describe the process of transferring genetic material from one organism to another. Gene transfer can occur naturally through mechanisms such as sexual reproduction or viral infection, or it can be performed artificially using genetic engineering techniques.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is the international organization responsible for developing and implementing global standards for the safe use of genetic engineering in agriculture. The FAO develops standards for the assessment and management of risks associated with genetically modified crops and promotes the responsible use of genetic engineering in agriculture.

Transgenesis is the term used to describe the process of inserting a foreign gene into an organism's genome. Transgenesis can be used to introduce new traits or characteristics into an organism or to modify existing traits.

The Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the US federal agency responsible for regulating the safety of genetically engineered plants. The USDA evaluates the safety of genetically engineered plants through a rigorous review process before they can be commercialized.

Gene editing is the term used to describe the process of modifying an organism's genome using precise gene editing techniques. Gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, allow scientists to make precise changes to an organism's DNA.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is the international organization responsible for developing and implementing global standards for the safe use of genetic engineering in medicine. The WHO develops standards for the assessment and management of risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) used in medicine and promotes the responsible use of genetic engineering in medicine.

Recombinant DNA technology is the term used to describe the process of creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) by combining genetic material from different organisms. Recombinant DNA technology involves isolating genes from one organism and inserting them into the genome of another organism.