Coral reefs are formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons produced by tiny marine invertebrates called coral polyps.

Kelp forests are underwater forests formed by giant kelp, a type of brown algae, and are not coral reefs.

The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 2,300 kilometers.

Sunlight is the primary energy source for most organisms in a coral reef ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.

While natural disasters can cause damage to coral reefs, they are not a major long-term threat compared to human-induced factors like climate change, overfishing, and pollution.

Coral polyps and photosynthetic algae engage in a mutualistic relationship, where the algae provide nutrients through photosynthesis, and the polyps offer protection and a stable environment.

Coral reefs provide various ecosystem services, including food production, wave protection, carbon sequestration, and habitat for diverse marine life.

Polar bears are found in Arctic regions and are not associated with coral reef ecosystems.

Accretion is the process by which coral reefs grow and expand through the accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons produced by coral polyps.

Mangrove forests are coastal forests dominated by mangrove trees and are not considered a type of coral reef structure.

Coral reefs can be damaged or destroyed through various processes, including bleaching, erosion, acidification, and other human-induced stressors.

Artificial reef creation is not a commonly used conservation measure for coral reefs, as it does not address the underlying causes of reef degradation.

Resilience is the ability of coral reefs to recover from damage or disturbance and maintain their structure and function.

Natural selection is not a major factor contributing to the decline of coral reefs worldwide, as it is a natural process that occurs over long periods of time.

Coral restoration, coral rehabilitation, and coral transplantation are all techniques used to restore or rehabilitate coral reefs after damage or degradation.