To inform instructional decisions

To certify student achievement

To promote student motivation

To provide feedback to students

Formative assessment is used to inform instructional decisions, while summative assessment is used to certify student achievement.

Formative assessment is used to provide feedback to students, while summative assessment is used to inform instructional decisions.

Formative assessment is used to certify student achievement, while summative assessment is used to provide feedback to students.

Formative assessment is used to inform instructional decisions and provide feedback to students, while summative assessment is used to certify student achievement.

A multiple-choice test

A portfolio of student work

A standardized test

A final exam

A multiple-choice test

A portfolio of student work

A standardized test

A final exam

Content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity

Content validity, face validity, and predictive validity

Content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity

Content validity, face validity, and concurrent validity

The degree to which an assessment measures the content that it is intended to measure

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment measures the construct that it is intended to measure

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment measures the content that it is intended to measure

Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability

Internal consistency, face validity, and inter-rater reliability

Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity

Internal consistency, face validity, and concurrent validity

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which the items on an assessment are correlated with each other

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment yields consistent results when administered to the same students on two different occasions

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which two or more raters agree on the scores they assign to a given assessment

Content bias, construct bias, and predictive bias

Content bias, face bias, and predictive bias

Content bias, construct bias, and concurrent bias

Content bias, face bias, and concurrent bias

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment favors one group of students over another

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance

The degree to which an assessment measures the construct that it is intended to measure in a fair and unbiased way

The degree to which an assessment is fair and unbiased

The degree to which an assessment is reliable

The degree to which an assessment is able to predict future performance in a fair and unbiased way

The degree to which an assessment measures the content that it is intended to measure