Economic Demography primarily examines how economic factors, such as income, employment, and education, influence population trends, including fertility, mortality, and migration.

The Economic Opportunity Theory posits that population growth is influenced by economic factors such as job availability, income potential, and access to resources, which can encourage migration and higher fertility rates.

Population Aging refers to the increasing proportion of older individuals in a population, typically due to declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy.

Human capital encompasses factors that contribute to an individual's productivity and earning potential, such as education, experience, and health. Wealth, while important, is not typically considered a component of human capital.

The Demographic Dividend refers to the potential economic benefits that can arise from a change in a population's age structure, particularly when the working-age population grows relative to the dependent population.

The Malthusian Theory of Population proposes that population growth, if unchecked, will eventually outpace the ability of resources to sustain it, leading to economic stagnation and potential famine.

Urbanization refers to the process by which people move from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth and expansion of cities.

While economic conditions, cultural norms, and government policies can influence fertility rates, climate is generally not considered a primary determinant.

Environmental Demography is the study of the relationship between population and the environment, examining how population growth, distribution, and composition affect the natural environment.

The Demographic Transition Theory posits that as a country develops, fertility rates will decline due to factors such as improved healthcare, education, and economic opportunities.

Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, whether within a country or across borders.

While healthcare access, nutrition, and sanitation are key determinants of mortality rates, climate is generally not considered a primary factor.

Demography is the study of the size, composition, and distribution of a population, including factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration.

The Malthusian Theory of Population proposes that population growth, if unchecked, will eventually outpace the ability of resources to sustain it, leading to environmental degradation and potential famine.

Economic Demography is the study of the relationship between population and economic development, examining how population growth, distribution, and composition affect economic outcomes.