Cognitivism emphasizes the role of mental processes, such as thinking, remembering, and problem-solving, in understanding human behavior.

Frederic Bartlett introduced the concept of schema, which refers to mental structures that organize and interpret information.

Piaget's theory suggests that children's cognitive abilities develop through a series of stages, from sensorimotor to formal operations, as they interact with their environment.

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural tools in cognitive development.

Assimilation is the process of fitting new information into existing schemas, while accommodation involves modifying existing schemas to accommodate new information.

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are different types of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and bodily-kinesthetic.

A prototype is a mental representation of a category that contains the most typical features of its members.

Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger, and Barbara Rogoff are all cognitive psychologists known for their work on situated cognition, which emphasizes the role of context and social interactions in learning.

Transfer refers to the ability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to a new context.

John Flavell, Ann Brown, and David Perkins are all cognitive psychologists known for their work on metacognition, which refers to the awareness and control of one's own cognitive processes.

Problem-solving involves actively seeking out and using information to solve problems or make decisions.

K. Anders Ericsson is a cognitive psychologist known for his research on expertise, which suggests that expertise is developed through deliberate practice.

A script is a mental representation of a sequence of actions that are typically performed in a certain context.

Esther Thelen, Linda Smith, and Annette Karmiloff-Smith are all cognitive psychologists known for their work on dynamic systems theory, which emphasizes the role of self-organization and adaptation in cognitive development.

Inductive reasoning involves using prior knowledge to make predictions about new information.