Food preservation aims to prevent spoilage and maintain the nutritional value of food by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and preventing chemical changes.

Sun-drying is a traditional Indian food preservation technique that involves exposing food to sunlight to remove moisture and inhibit microbial growth. Examples include sun-dried tomatoes, papads, and certain spices.

Yogurt is produced through the fermentation of milk by lactic acid bacteria. This process converts lactose into lactic acid, giving yogurt its characteristic tangy flavor and thick texture.

Pickling is a food preservation technique that involves submerging food in a vinegar or acidic solution. The acidic environment inhibits the growth of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of the food.

Salt is commonly used in food preservation due to its ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. It draws moisture out of the food, creating an environment that is less favorable for microbial growth.

Canning involves heating food to a high temperature (typically above 100°C) to kill microorganisms and then rapidly cooling it to prevent recontamination. This process helps preserve the food and extend its shelf life.

Dehydration is a food preservation technique that involves removing moisture from food through evaporation. This can be done using various methods, such as sun-drying, oven-drying, or freeze-drying.

Freezing is a food preservation technique that involves storing food at very low temperatures (typically below -18°C) to inhibit microbial growth and enzymatic reactions. This process helps maintain the quality and nutritional value of food for extended periods.

Preserving is a food preservation technique that involves submerging food in a concentrated sugar solution. The high sugar content creates an osmotic environment that inhibits microbial growth and helps preserve the food.

Fermentation is a food preservation technique that involves the controlled growth of microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, to produce lactic acid. This process is commonly used to preserve vegetables, milk, and meat products.

Irradiation is a food preservation technique that involves exposing food to ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays or electron beams. This process helps control microbial growth and extends the shelf life of food.

Modified atmosphere packaging is a food preservation technique that involves replacing the air inside a food package with a modified atmosphere, typically containing higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen. This helps inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of food.

Vacuum sealing is a food preservation technique that involves removing oxygen from the packaging of food. This helps inhibit microbial growth and extends the shelf life of food.

High-pressure processing is a food preservation technique that involves subjecting food to high pressure (typically above 100 MPa) to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes. This process helps maintain the quality and nutritional value of food.

Chemical preservation is a food preservation technique that involves adding chemical preservatives to food to inhibit microbial growth and extend its shelf life. Common chemical preservatives include sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and propionic acid.