To promote the use of arbitration as a means of resolving international commercial disputes.

To establish a uniform set of rules for conducting international arbitration proceedings.

To enforce foreign arbitral awards in countries that are not party to the Convention.

To provide a forum for the resolution of disputes arising from international commercial contracts.

Over 160 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and China.

Only countries that are members of the United Nations.

Only countries that have signed and ratified the Convention.

Only countries that have adopted the Convention into their national law.

A country is only required to enforce foreign arbitral awards if the country where the award was made would enforce its own arbitral awards.

A country is required to enforce foreign arbitral awards even if the country where the award was made would not enforce its own arbitral awards.

A country is required to enforce foreign arbitral awards only if the parties to the arbitration agreement are from the same country.

A country is required to enforce foreign arbitral awards only if the arbitration was conducted in accordance with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

The award was obtained by fraud or corruption.

The award is contrary to public policy.

The award is not final and binding.

All of the above.

Three months from the date the award is received.

Six months from the date the award is received.

One year from the date the award is received.

There is no time limit.

Yes, by expressly agreeing to waive the right in the arbitration agreement.

No, the right to challenge enforcement cannot be waived.

Only if the waiver is made in writing.

Only if the waiver is made before the arbitration proceedings begin.

National courts play a limited role, primarily focused on enforcing foreign arbitral awards.

National courts play a significant role in supervising and controlling the arbitration process.

National courts have the authority to set aside arbitral awards on various grounds.

National courts have the power to modify or amend arbitral awards.

By establishing a uniform set of rules for conducting international arbitration proceedings.

By requiring countries to adopt the same arbitration laws and regulations.

By encouraging countries to enter into bilateral or multilateral agreements on arbitration.

By providing a forum for the resolution of disputes arising from international commercial contracts.

It provides a reliable framework for the enforcement of international commercial contracts.

It reduces the risk of protracted and costly litigation in international disputes.

It enhances the confidence of businesses in engaging in cross-border transactions.

All of the above.

Yes, it has been amended several times to address changing circumstances and developments in international arbitration.

No, it remains in its original form as adopted in 1958.

It has been revised once, in 1975, to clarify certain provisions.

It has been amended once, in 2015, to address issues related to the enforcement of investor-state arbitration awards.

UNCITRAL is responsible for promoting the use and understanding of the New York Convention.

UNCITRAL provides training and technical assistance to countries on the implementation of the New York Convention.

UNCITRAL facilitates the resolution of disputes arising from the interpretation or application of the New York Convention.

All of the above.

It prevails over other conventions and treaties in cases of conflict.

It is complementary to other conventions and treaties, and their provisions can be applied together.

It is subordinate to other conventions and treaties that deal with specific aspects of arbitration.

It is independent of other conventions and treaties, and its application is not affected by them.

Concerns about the lack of uniformity in the interpretation and application of the Convention across different jurisdictions.

Difficulties in enforcing arbitral awards in certain countries due to political or economic factors.

Allegations of bias or unfairness in the arbitration process, particularly in investor-state disputes.

All of the above.

Discussions on amending the Convention to address emerging issues and challenges in international arbitration.

Efforts to promote the adoption of the Convention by more countries, particularly those that are not yet party to it.

Initiatives to enhance cooperation and coordination among national courts and arbitral institutions in the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.

All of the above.