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Neonatal Jaundice: Managing and Preventing Hyperbilirubinemia

Description: Neonatal Jaundice: Managing and Preventing Hyperbilirubinemia
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: neonatal health neonatal jaundice hyperbilirubinemia
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What is the primary cause of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Increased red blood cell production

  2. Decreased red blood cell destruction

  3. Impaired bilirubin conjugation

  4. Obstruction of bile flow


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In neonates, the immature liver is unable to efficiently conjugate bilirubin, leading to its accumulation in the blood.

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing severe neonatal jaundice?

  1. Prematurity

  2. Low birth weight

  3. Cephalohematoma

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Prematurity, low birth weight, and cephalohematoma are all risk factors for developing severe neonatal jaundice.

What is the most common type of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Physiologic jaundice

  2. Breast milk jaundice

  3. Pathologic jaundice

  4. Cholestatic jaundice


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Physiologic jaundice is the most common type of neonatal jaundice, affecting up to 80% of newborns.

What is the typical time course of physiologic jaundice?

  1. Appears within 24 hours of birth

  2. Peaks at 3-5 days of life

  3. Resolves by 2 weeks of life

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Physiologic jaundice typically appears within 24 hours of birth, peaks at 3-5 days of life, and resolves by 2 weeks of life.

What is the main treatment for physiologic jaundice?

  1. Phototherapy

  2. Intravenous immunoglobulin

  3. Exchange transfusion

  4. No treatment is necessary


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Physiologic jaundice is a benign condition that typically resolves on its own without treatment.

When is phototherapy indicated for the treatment of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Total serum bilirubin level >15 mg/dL

  2. Direct serum bilirubin level >2 mg/dL

  3. Jaundice persisting beyond 2 weeks of life

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phototherapy is indicated for the treatment of neonatal jaundice when the total serum bilirubin level exceeds 15 mg/dL.

What is the mechanism of action of phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Converts bilirubin to a water-soluble form

  2. Inhibits bilirubin production

  3. Increases bilirubin excretion

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phototherapy converts bilirubin to a water-soluble form, allowing it to be excreted in the urine and feces.

What is the most common adverse effect of phototherapy?

  1. Skin rash

  2. Bronze baby syndrome

  3. Retinal damage

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The most common adverse effect of phototherapy is a skin rash, which typically resolves after discontinuation of treatment.

What is the recommended duration of phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Until the total serum bilirubin level is <10 mg/dL

  2. Until the direct serum bilirubin level is <1 mg/dL

  3. Until the jaundice resolves completely

  4. Until the infant is discharged from the hospital


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phototherapy is typically continued until the total serum bilirubin level is <10 mg/dL.

What is the role of breastfeeding in the management of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Breastfeeding should be discontinued if the infant has jaundice

  2. Breastfeeding should be encouraged as it helps to prevent jaundice

  3. Breastfeeding should be limited to 8-10 feedings per day

  4. Breastfeeding should be supplemented with formula if the infant has jaundice


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Breastfeeding should be encouraged as it helps to prevent jaundice by promoting the passage of bilirubin from the infant's gut.

What is the recommended management of breast milk jaundice?

  1. Discontinue breastfeeding for 24-48 hours

  2. Supplement breastfeeding with formula

  3. Continue breastfeeding and monitor the infant's bilirubin levels

  4. Phototherapy


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Breast milk jaundice is a benign condition that typically resolves on its own. Breastfeeding should be continued and the infant's bilirubin levels should be monitored closely.

What is the recommended management of pathologic jaundice?

  1. Phototherapy

  2. Intravenous immunoglobulin

  3. Exchange transfusion

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The management of pathologic jaundice depends on the underlying cause and may include phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and exchange transfusion.

What is the goal of exchange transfusion in the treatment of neonatal jaundice?

  1. To remove bilirubin from the infant's blood

  2. To replace the infant's blood with donor blood

  3. To correct the underlying cause of jaundice

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The goal of exchange transfusion in the treatment of neonatal jaundice is to remove bilirubin from the infant's blood.

What is the most common complication of exchange transfusion?

  1. Infection

  2. Thrombosis

  3. Hypocalcemia

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The most common complications of exchange transfusion include infection, thrombosis, and hypocalcemia.

What are the long-term outcomes of neonatal jaundice?

  1. Kernicterus

  2. Hearing loss

  3. Intellectual disability

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The long-term outcomes of neonatal jaundice can include kernicterus, hearing loss, and intellectual disability.

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