Determinism asserts that every event is causally determined by preceding events, leaving no room for genuine free will.

Causal determinism implies that given complete knowledge of all causal factors, the outcome of an event is fixed and predictable.

Compatibilism posits that free will and determinism can be reconciled, allowing for both causal determinism and meaningful choices.

Compatibilists argue that moral responsibility can be maintained even in a deterministic world, as long as individuals have the capacity to make choices and understand the consequences of their actions.

Indeterminism asserts that not all events are causally determined, allowing for genuine randomness and unpredictability.

Compatibilists argue that free will and determinism can coexist, as long as individuals have the capacity to make choices and understand the consequences of their actions.

Libertarians argue that true free will requires the absence of causal determinism, allowing for genuine randomness and unpredictability in human choices.

Libertarianism asserts that individuals have genuine free will, independent of causal determinism, and that their choices are not predetermined.

Hard determinists argue that free will is an illusion and that all human actions are causally determined, leaving no room for genuine choice.

Dualism posits that the mind and body are separate entities, with the mind having the ability to make choices independent of physical causation.

Compatibilists argue that free will is compatible with determinism as long as individuals have the capacity to make choices and understand the consequences of their actions.

Compatibilists often use the analogy of a chess game to illustrate their position, where players have genuine choices within the constraints of the rules.

Nihilism, in its extreme form, rejects the notion of free will and posits that all human actions are predetermined and meaningless.

Libertarians argue that true free will requires the absence of causal determinism, allowing for genuine randomness and unpredictability in human choices.

Hard determinists argue that all human actions are causally determined by prior events, leaving no room for genuine choice or free will.