Split Lighting involves placing the light source to one side of the subject's face, creating a strong contrast between the lit and unlit sides.

A reflector is used to bounce light back onto the subject, creating a catchlight in the eyes, which adds life and sparkle to the portrait.

Butterfly Lighting involves placing the light source directly above the subject's head, creating a soft, even light that minimizes shadows and emphasizes the subject's features.

Clamshell Lighting involves placing two light sources at 45-degree angles to the subject, creating a soft, even light that wraps around the subject.

Rembrandt Lighting involves placing the light source at a 45-degree angle to the subject's face, creating a triangular-shaped shadow on the opposite cheek, adding depth and drama to the portrait.

A softbox is used to diffuse the light from a light source, creating a soft, even light that reduces harsh shadows and produces a more flattering effect on the subject's skin.

Backlighting involves placing the light source behind the subject, creating a rim light effect that separates the subject from the background and adds depth to the image.

Broad Lighting involves placing the light source directly in front of the subject, creating a soft, even light that minimizes shadows and produces a more natural look.

Split Lighting involves placing the light source to one side of the subject's face, creating a strong contrast between the lit and unlit sides, resulting in a dramatic, chiaroscuro effect.

A grid is used to control the spread of light from a light source, creating a hard, directional light that can be used to create specific effects, such as highlighting certain features or creating a spotlight effect.

Bottom Lighting involves placing the light source below the subject, creating a dramatic, theatrical effect with strong shadows and highlights.

A beauty dish is used to create a soft, diffused light with a crisp edge, which is often used in beauty and fashion photography to create a flattering effect on the subject's skin and features.

Top Lighting involves placing the light source directly above the subject, creating a soft, even light that minimizes shadows and produces a more natural look.

Rembrandt Lighting involves placing two light sources at 45-degree angles to the subject, creating a soft, even light with a slight shadow on one side of the face, adding depth and drama to the portrait.

Sidelighting involves placing the light source to the side of the subject, creating a dramatic effect with strong shadows and highlights.